Most contact with police in the US is routine: a traffic stop, a question, help after an accident. Staying calm and polite keeps it short. The US Constitution protects everyone in the US, including non-citizens.
If police stop you on the street
Stay calm. Keep your hands where the officer can see them. Do not run or reach into your pockets or bag suddenly.
You can ask: "Am I free to go?" If yes, walk away calmly.
You have the right to remain silent. You can say: "I want to remain silent." In some states you must give your name if asked. This differs by state.
You do not have to agree to a search of yourself or your things. Say clearly: "I do not consent to a search." Do not physically stop them.
Never lie and never show false documents.
Pull over safely, turn off the engine, turn on the inside light at night, and keep your hands on the wheel.
Show your driver's license, registration and insurance when asked. Tell the officer before you reach for them: "My license is in my wallet in my back pocket."
Passengers can ask if they are free to leave. See the guide on traffic stops.
If police come to your home
You do not have to let them in unless they have a warrant signed by a judge, or there is an emergency. Talk through the closed door and ask them to show the warrant through a window or slide it under the door.
If they have a valid search warrant, do not resist. Say: "I do not consent to any search beyond the warrant."
Say: "I want to remain silent. I want a lawyer." Then stop talking about the case.
Do not sign anything you do not understand.
You have the right to a lawyer. If you cannot pay, ask for a public defender (a free lawyer for criminal cases).
Non-citizens: do not discuss your immigration status, where you were born or how you entered with anyone but your lawyer. You can ask the police to contact your country's consulate.
Tell your criminal lawyer you are not a US citizen. Any plea can affect your status (see the guide on crimes and immigration).
Special notes for non-citizens
Adults 18 and older must carry proof of immigration registration, such as an I-94, green card or work permit, at all times (see Immigration officers, carrying papers and your rights).
Never say you are a US citizen if you are not.
Never carry false papers.
If you think police treated you unfairly
Write down the officer's name, badge number and car number, the time and place, and any witnesses. Take photos of injuries. You can file a complaint with the police department's internal affairs office or a civilian review board.
Arguing or resisting on the street. Challenge it later, with a lawyer.
Explaining "just to be helpful" after asking for a lawyer.
Offering money to an officer. That is a crime.