The Social Security Administration (SSA) gives a number only to people allowed to work in the US. In practice:
Green card holders, refugees and asylees: yes.
H-1B, L-1, O-1, TN, E workers: yes.
L-2 and E spouses with the S code on the I-94 (L2S, E1S, E2S, E3S): yes.
H-4 spouses: only with an H-4 EAD (work permit card).
J-1 exchange visitors: yes.
F-1 and M-1 students: only with a job. That means an on-campus job offer, CPT on your I-20, or an OPT EAD.
If you are not eligible, you may need an ITIN for taxes instead. See How to get an ITIN without an SSN (Form W-7).
Already done for some green card holders
If you asked for a Social Security card in your immigrant visa application, the card is mailed to you after you arrive. You do not need to apply again.
Wait until your I-94 shows online and, for students, until the school has checked you in in SEVIS. SSA checks your status with DHS. Applying too early often causes delays. A wait of 10 days after arrival is a good rule.
Start online at ssa.gov (search "request a Social Security number"). Since February 2026, SSA asks most people to start online. Some can finish fully online.
If you must visit, the site lets you schedule an appointment. Go to the office or Card Center within 45 days of starting online.
Bring originals: passport, I-94, and the papers for your status.
F-1: I-20, and a letter from your employer and your DSO for an on-campus job, or your OPT EAD.
Workers: the I-797 approval notice is helpful.
EAD holders: the EAD card.
The card is mailed, usually within 10 business days after SSA processes the application.
It is free. Never pay a website.
Applying the day you land.
A name that is written differently than on the passport. See When your name does not fit US forms.
Carrying the card in your wallet. Keep it at home.
Waiting for the card to start work. You can usually start a job before the card arrives. Tell your employer you applied, and give the number when it comes.